Crown has long been leading the audio industry with innovative technologies that provide economical solutions to real world needs. Following are Technical Papers describing technologies used in Crown amplifiers.

• White Paper: The Class-I Amplifier (125k PDF Format)
• Class-I Technology Overview  (HTML Format)
• Original (1996) White Paper on Class-I By Gerald Stanley (138k PDF Format)

• LevelMAX™ Guide for I-Tech HD (337k PDF Format)
• LevelMAX™ Guide for USP4 (170k PDF Format)
• How Much Amplifier Power Do I Need?  (HTML format)
• IOC Distortion Detector (31k PDF Format)
• Why Crown CTs Amplifiers Sound Better  (HTML Format)
• Guide to Constant-Voltage Systems (87k PDF Format)
• Advantages of Direct Constant Voltage Operation in Crown Amplifiers   (HTML Format)
• Understanding Damping Factor  (63k PDF Format)
• Grounded Bridge Topology (102k PDF Format)
• ODEP (Output Device Emulation Protection) (39K PDF Format)
• Spoof Amplifier Data Sheet (BF-6000 SUX) (PDF Format)
• UL, CSA, ETL, and CE: What's the Difference? ( HTML format)
• Regulatory Certification Marks on Crown Products (HTML format)
• Audio Networking  (HTML format)
• How to adjust the bandpass gains in Crown power amplifiers with built-in DSP (486k PDF Format)

Clear explanations of Crown technical features, condensed to one page per topic.

• Class-I (BCA)   (42.5K PDF Format)
• Damping Factor (35.6K PDF Format)
• The V-I Plane  (43.0K PDF Format)
• Certification Marks (Safety Standards) (38.0K PDF Format)
• What is TCP/IQ?
• What is CobraNet?
• Switching Power Amplifiers and Switching Power Supplies
• I-Tech: So Much Power, So Little Current Draw
• Gain Staging
• Matching Speaker Loads to Amplifiers
• I-Tech Power Specs: Why 2-ohm Power is Less Than 4- and 8-ohm Power